The Role of United Farm Workers Association (UFW) in America

"UFW: The Official Web Page of the United Farm Workers of America." UFW: The Official

Web Page of the United Farm Workers of America. 01 May 2012.
 

 

The Role of United Farm Workers Association (UFW) in America

       United Farm Workers Association (UFW) played a vital role in improving the lives of farm working communities of the California. After a fierce struggle against growers, government and the police, its establishment in 1962 was a probe result of collective effort by many, and the outcomes were so astounding. As an organization, United Farm Workers, (UFW), brought,

“The first union contracts eliminating farm labor contractors and guaranteeing farm workers seniority, rights and job security, establishing the first comprehensive union health benefits for farm workers and their families through the UFW's Robert F. Kennedy Medical Plan, the first and only functioning pension plan for retired farm workers, the Juan de la Cruz Pension Plan, the first functioning credit union for farm workers, the first union contracts regulating safety and sanitary conditions in farm labor camps, banning discrimination in employment and sexual harassment of women workers, the first union contracts providing for profit sharing and parental leave.”

It took long time for United Farm Workers Association to be recognized by growers and government bodies as an intermediate body working on behalf of farm workers. All the hiring and legal matters related to the farm workers will be dealt by the union. The perseverance of the union leaders and specially Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta was outstanding. Good organization needs smart and brave people. The union’s transcendent work is still in effect. The level of trust farm workers put on their union is glue which can’t be separated from the union. Success is comes with hard work. As Aristotle said, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.” The Union has been doing the same thing over and over again.

Dolores Huerta

The Dolores Huerta Foundation. Dolores Huerta Foundation. 30 Apr. 2012 .

"www.doloreshuerta.org"

Dolores Huerta

One of the key players of the UFW was Dolores Huerta. In all the strikes, the leading expertise of Cesar would have been a failure if it was not the skillful negotiator of Ms. Huerta. As a teacher and a well to do family member, she didn’t wait and set hoping for change to come to the people’s way. Rather she picked up the “Hulugna” and continued to fight the fight of what people thought men’s fight. Besides, bringing powerful people to the table for discussion is half the battle but persuades farmers’ opponents was the other half. Using her knowledge and language skills, Huerta pushed hard and made growers to agree with the best terms the union brought forth and this was the enormous achievement. Huerta once said, “I couldn’t stand seeing farm worker children come to class hungry and in need of shoes. I thought I could do more by organizing farm workers than by trying to teach their hungry children.” She has done what she has committed her life for and her commitment was magnanimous.

Annotated Bibliography

Levy, Jacques E., and Cesar Chavez. Cesar Chavez: Autobiography of La Causa. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2007. Print.

Cesar Chavez, leader of the United Farm Workers had proven that nonviolence was the only way to address the unspeakable horrors and unprecedented challenges the farm workers had to endure at the farms and inside the communities. Chavez once said, “But in seeking social change, I am positive nonviolence is the way, morally and tactically, especially in our society where those in power resort to clubs, tear gas, and guns. I have seen nonviolence work many times in many ways. (5)." I will be discussing the noble idea of nonviolence activism which lead the UFW to big legislation of collective bargaining, health and benefit packages and the grant of amnesty by the United States of America. 

The Struggles of Cesar Chavez and United Farm workers (UFW), Rough Draft of Final Thesis

        The United Farm workers Union of America claimed, “For more than a century farm workers had been denied a decent life in the fields and communities of California's agricultural valleys.” Unskilled labors Chicanos, African Americans, Filipinos, Mexicans (who have come through the Bracero Program that Mexico signed with the United States of America) and some poor white farm workers were exploited, exposed to harmful chemicals while working in farms, suppressed and denied better life both on farm and in the communities they lived in. Many farm workers were forced to pay rent for shacked metal sheets, discriminated by farm contractors, used children as part of the labor force. Due to these reason people have died even with preventable accidents and the average life expectancy during that period was 49 years.

       Brave farm workers like Dolores Huerta, Chicano, and Larry Itliong, Filipino, attempted and established race based farm workers associations namely the “Agricultural Workers Association” (AWA) and “Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC)” respectively. These courageous men paved a way for a more organized association founded in 1962, “United Farm Workers, (UFW)” and its leader, the rising star by the name of Cesar Estrada Chavez. Chavez was born on March 31, 1927. He was named after his grandfather, Cesario. Chavez’s experience of injustice started with his own family. According to UFW, “Cesar's father agreed to clear eighty acres of land and in exchange he would receive the deed to forty acres of land that adjoined the home. The agreement was broken and the land sold to a man named Justus Jackson. Cesar's dad went to a lawyer who advised him to borrow money and buy the land. Later when Cesar's father could not pay the interest on the loan the lawyer bought back the land and sold it to the original owner. Cesar learned a lesson about injustice that he would never forget.”  He walked the walk of many poor farm workers, experienced atrocities and removed from their own properties, Chaves and his colleagues became more determined facilitating the formation of the United Farmers Association.

       As the repression continued, influenced by his education and studies of different revolutions, Chavez and his partners worked to follow a more peaceful approach in resolving problems of farm workers. Besides, the coincidence of the national Civil Rights Movement added fuel in to the already rising pressure on the Agricultural frontier in California and Arizona. In the history of the United States of America, according to UFW, collective Bargaining, health benefit packages, job security, provision of drinking water, field toilet and rest periods between working hours, and many more became the success stories of the UFW.  Achieving these results demanded Chavez’s and his colleagues’ dedication, extended hunger strikes, and marching, boycotting and other methods. Mahatma Gandhi, one of the known political and spiritual leaders of the modern history of the world once said, “Cultivate the quite courage of dying without killing.”  Chavez’s struggle is upheld by many till this time; and for his contributions to the lives of many poor farmers and their families, he was commemorated. “Si, si se puede!” (“Yes, yes, it can be done”). Even in today’s world, such basic rights had been overshadowed and threatened by States. Recently, collective bargaining was killed silently by Wisconsin Governor, Scott Walker. However, unions perform mass protest and resulted in the recall of the governor. Collective efforts by many always stand strong and will eventually bring results. However, a quick response from ordinary people and working class members pushed back using nonviolent demonstrations. Through out the history of early establishment of the UFW association, persistence and perseverance paid back for those who joined the revolution of the farm industries. Unity is strength.

Work Cited:

http://www.ufw.org/_page.php?menu=research&inc=history/02.html

"How Great Thou Art"

O Lord my God, When I in awesome wonder,

Consider all the worlds Thy Hands have made;

I see the stars, I hear the rolling thunder,

Thy power throughout the universe displayed.



                 Then sings my soul, My Saviour God, to Thee,

                 How great Thou art, How great Thou art.

                 Then sings my soul, My Saviour God, to Thee,
          Chorus
                 How great Thou art, How great Thou art!




When through the woods, and forest glades I wander,

And hear the birds sing sweetly in the trees.

When I look down, from lofty mountain grandeur

And see the brook, and feel the gentle breeze.


And when I think, that God, His Son not sparing;

Sent Him to die, I scarce can take it in;

That on the Cross, my burden gladly bearing,

He bled and died to take away my sin.



 
When Christ shall come, with shout of acclamation,
And take me home, what joy shall fill my heart.

Then I shall bow, in humble adoration,

And then proclaim:"My God, how great Thou art!"


     In 1886, not knowing how many people would be touched in his days or the years to come, Reverend Carl Boberg of Monsteras, lived on the South East coast of Sweden, 25 years old, with his own language, wrote and published the first lyrics of a song, “How Great Thou Art”. The depth of the lyrics assimilated naturally occurring phenomena, the perpetual saving passion of the Creator and the new life beyond death with God. Has anyone been taken away by the amazing nature of roaring ocean storms? The sound it makes while colliding with the rocky shores? How up and down the wave moves? If a surfer is asked about it, he would reply in an articulated fashion about the highs and lows of the ocean waves do for and to him. Has anyone been walking through a thick forest where so diverse flock of birds sings in harmony however, with distinct tones? How breathe taking would that be for anyone who is actually nature lover? The stars and their galaxies displayed in the Universe have a majestic demonstration, the manifestation of the Creator's knowledge and intelligent workmanship. Intercession, confession, praise, worship, Celebration songs were some of the types practiced trough out history. Among these, “How Great Thou Art” is a worship type in which admiration and adoration is given for a creator; many believe his existence in our day to day life.

       Many Christians claimed this song to be one of the most played and adored song among many more ever written in the history of the Christian gospel music as the hymn was translated from Swedish language to Russian then to English. After forty years of the original script written and published by Boberg; Stuart Hine, an English missionary, who was living in Ukraine, heard this very meaningful song performed in native Russian language. As he advanced to the former Czechoslovakia, people acclimated to it ahead of him. Hine, whom felt the tranquil, then translate this awesome song in to English language and moreover added a few words on to it. Not only in Russia, but also in many communist countries like mine, people were touched by the graphic and well illuminated elaboration exhibited by the hymn. It was irresistible for so many communities and went on to be translated into many different native languages. Thus helped more Christians connected in spirit while singing it though in different language at different locations.

Enthusiastically, such flawless songs gave Christians with culminated performance pulled people touched or connected with the higher power in their inner being. Majority of Christians sincerely believe lyrics should adhere to certain tones and rhythms in order for listeners would give them ears. Beverly Shea, 102, was considered to be one of the most aspiring and astounding gospel singers in the Evangelical sect history of the United States of America. He was a member of the Billy Graham Evangelical Association where he performed during mass preaching ceremonies for more than 60 years. Shea gave the lyrics of Boberg a meaningful tone and touch and reached peoples' hearts with the help of 1,800 mass back vocalists as shown in the clip. It helped the audience communion with an enlighten imagination of nature and God's creativity in making this world habitable, however to the contrast its perishable stunned people across nations till today. The wonders of creation are incomparable to the mystery of the creator himself. 

                   

Difficulity Paper

I read the short story by Gloria Anzaldua, "How To Tame A Wild Tongue".  I was stacked and freeze at my computer when I read, " Chicano Spanish is considered by the purist and by most Latinos deficient, a mutilation of Spanish". Besides another quote, " For a people who are neither Spanish nor live in a country in which Spanish is the first language; for a people who live in a country in which English is the reigning tongue but who are not Anglo; for a people who cannot identify with either standtad (formal, Castilian) Spanish nor standard English, what recourse is left to them but to create their own language? A language which they can connect their identity to, one capable of communicating the realities and values true to themselves---- a language with terms that are neither espanol ni inglise, but both." After the thorough reading over the weekend and today; I, kind of get the idea what all these Spanish words mean and how they can to connected to the paragraph. I believe that people who have freedom, eventual will the have the power and knowledge to be successful and productive. Identifying oneself or society should not be judged or procrastinated by other who dominate the culture and the language arena. Some of the words  resembled the original English words, for instance "adopcion" meaning adoption . It is chunked and has so much impressive information and well explained. Reading this story made me think that even if the situations are different, in the country where 70 ethincities live together, repression to other languages, cultures and societies fight before extinction.  

Rough Identity Paper

In my reading of, "How To Tame A Wild Tongue" by Gloria Anzaldua, she touch so many of the buttons which resonate in to how I define identity. Simply, identity is how someone portrayed or sees him answering the basic purpose of existence. In her short story, Gloria   showed how language, family, community, religion, and environment had shaped her identity.   I like the emphasis and the power of language in Anzaldua writing, “So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language. Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity- I am my language."  

Gebremedhin Teshale

I am no different than most of the people in my class. But the influence and shaping power my dad had on me was so immense. My dad, Gebremedhin Teshale, was very honest, impartial, courageous, bright minded, faithful and religious man. He was born and rise in a family of 13 children with a very strict father in a very remote village where there is no school, health clinic----nothing was there. Sincerely looking for education, he moved in to a provincial town called Dessie, where his uncle, a priest resided. Finally he found and joined elementary school where any level of education considered to a man being, "Civilized". After this, he got married, bare children, hired and worked as an accountant for 36 years in Boru Meda Hospital located in Ethiopia.  During his time of service, he made the Hospital profitable by working hard and being honest towards his assignment on the stewardship of money. The Hospital he worked for stood most of the time first and other times second among other Hospitals in our Province. Besides, he was a man of God. He had faith that made him stood by on what he believed. He stood for justice and equal rights. He fought for many victims who were betrayed by the higher management and continued to be an advocate to the poor. In response he got pushed out of his position and even transferred to another location. He never quit there. He took the injustice done to him to the regional Supreme Court and at last found justice. Nonetheless, the provincial government ignored the decision of the higher court and went on doing business as usual. In all these, I saw a man of honor integrity, persistence, perseverance and never say no to thing. He shaped me to be honest, respectful, and faithful above all to have a faith in God and his son Jesus Christ. Till the time I moved in to California, I lived and worked with so many people and all over the country that have different language, culture and personality than me. And I managed to live with them in harmony, peace, personal integrity and with a sense of purpose. 

Revised Amendments XIII,XIV and XV

According to Robert Divine, one of the historical hits in American history exhibited Abraham Lincoln’s and Black African Americans dream coming to reality. The bloody war shone light on and gave the suppressed and destitute African Americans to exercise life, liberty and pursuit of happiness as the white Americans do. The ratification of Amendment XIII, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction.” achieved the most important of goal on social, cultural, political and economical where America would go ahead. This was the core driving urge of all people in the Northern States. To those Radicals, this was the beginning of the road to equality among the human race. While the war was going on between the confederates and the Unions, President Lincoln and the congress were at odds with policy matters towards tormented south. President Lincoln followed a very lenient policy while the Congress was demanding more aggressive measures of emancipation, civil rights and provision of franchisement through the Freedman’s Bureau.

According to section 1 of Amendment XIV, Radical Republicans demanded the time sensitive need of Citizenship for all Black African Americans born and naturalized. It states, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” This law gave the right of Citizenship for all Black African Americans who were born or naturalized in the United States. This Amendment was considered as a referendum for Southern States whether they would join the Union or not. As the war went on taking more lives, and executive branch changed from an assassinated Lincoln to Andrew Johnson, the newly freed Black African Americans faced new challenges in the hands of their former Owners, White Supremacists, who were elected and held offices in those Southern States. Even if President Johnson implemented the emancipation act while he was a military governor in Tennessee, he was an enthusiastic white supremacist. In desperate need of ending the war and reconstruction, he proposed to repudiate the confederates’ debt, ratify the XIII amendment abolish slavery and for formal establishment of Southern Governments. He also gave the authority what to do with the civil rights and political moves of the newly freed slaves. However, these newly elected White officials introduced new laws called, “Black Codes” which imposed new restrictions and rules on the black African American. In the Contrary, the Congress saw this move as an imminent attack on the freed black people and ratified another pivotal Amendment awarded African Americans Citizenship of the United States of American; in which they would be able to Vote and sustain their freedom for long.

Section 2 of the XIV Amendment showed sets of criteria which determine age limits for holding offices and casting votes. As stated in the law, “…being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.”, age, former alienation or crime were the major factors in cast votes and holding public offices. Besides, there would be difference between the vote count of Black and whites.

Section 3 stated, “No person shall be…shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove such disability.”  The only way to held office and became the citizen of the United States would depend on the the 2/3rd vote of congress. The law was in place to oversee the former confederate States during the reconstruction period.

Sites Cited Read more:

Amendments to the Constitution of the United States — Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0749825.html#ixzz1mDf9w15n, mEM7AT2B, mEgF9zgM, mEj9LTAQ,  Ek6COIM, mEme9lC1.

Divine, Robert A. "Appendix" America Past and Present. Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Issues raised and presented in an “open letter to President McKinley” and what should, could, would have been done by the president.

Member of Colored National League (CNL) of Massachusetts, walked to Charles Street Church in Boston on October 3, 1899 to read an open letter to the president of the United States Mr. McKinley. They protested, “…notwithstanding your extraordinary, your incomprehensible silence on the subject of our wrongs in your annual and other messages to Congress, as in your public utterances to the country at large.”, and marched in a peacefully and demanded the president to use his authority and pass federal antilynching laws in order to resolve the atrocities and the brutal killing of blacks African Americans in Southern States, who were deprived their constitutional rights. A bright minded and articulated person by the name of Archibald H. Grimke’, a child of slaveholder in Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard University graduate read it out louder. As Robert Smalls, from South Carolina, born from slaveholder, bluntly showed in his deeds, all the atrocities done by white supremacists; he was brave enough to present facts and thoughts that the president would have known about the situation, however, ignorant off. The despised, segregated and hunted Southern black spoke out their voice by through their Northern brothers.  

Grimke exposed the real meaning of the constitution of the United States, “We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men,…”.  He criticized what white’s (Anglo-Saxon) position of who could define and set standards for who is human and who is not, except the Creator. Inexplicably, rampant white supremacists were performing the unimaginable horror to black African Americans. For example, the two day bloody riot which has shaken the nation, taken place in Wilmington, N.C, in Phoenix, S.C, where blacks were hunted and killed like dogs; during his address to congress however, the president, “neither word not act of sympathy” came forth. But he was smart and intuitive enough to mention important local and global events and interventions by Americans. Enslaved blacks were subjected to torture, being weakened and murdered. The hard fought war and all the amendments put forth were forgotten and civil rights denied either by the people who claimed themselves, “Civilized” or a president who called himself a, “Christians”. They all found it irreconcilable that, “…a nation which prates loudly of democracy and humanity, boasts itself the champion of oppressed peoples abroad, while it looks on indifferent, apathetic at appalling enormities at home, where the victims are blacks and the criminal white.”  Neither their words nor their actions were of human towards African Americans. Besides these, Grimke’ showed the president's ignorance to the slaughter of African Americans while he made tour of the Southern States. He knowingly made himself blind to the mob killings of blacks who were in due process of the law, the unmatched crime by Georgians burning a prisoner as they were watching theater, as Romans did threw Christians out in to the lions and tigers for amusement and watched them suffer the horrific and agonizing death; mob (Ku Klux Klans) killing of black preachers, and the ignition of killing happened in Alabama, Mississippi, Virginia, Louisiana, Arkansas and the Carolinas.  Surprisingly, the writer found no president, or congress or white community willing to stand and fight for the rights of African Americans. However, the president and Americans were more than willing to reward and support the freedom of the Island Cuba, even used armed force to throw off the yoke.

On behalf of the Colored people of the Southern States, Colored Massachusetts demanded the president, called himself Christian, vowed to protect and defend the constitution, a leader of the free world, have the eye to look, humanity to be sensitive to all races, to confess and acknowledge his conscience about those atrocities and use his authority to fix the racial killings, segregation of black African Americans, whom Jesus has lived and died for so that congress and the people of the United States would hear and know what was really going on in these Southern States. After all, these people were humans, born from different mothers, were his brothers, and were citizens of the United States. The people of color wanted to be heard by the people of the United States, Congress and the world through the words of the president hoping change would come one day.

Sites Cited:

 Mecury Reader, "Open Letter to President McKinley" author- the Colored People of Massachusetts; Copyright 2012 by Pearson Learning Solutions, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116.

America Past and present, Volume 2: since 1865 By Robert A. Divine, al (pp.209-210)

Civil War

It all started in Charleston, South Carolina, in April 1860. The democratic party convention was held to elect the presidential nominee and Southern states delegates insisted the party endorse a federal code to ensure the rights of slave owners. The so concerned Southern delegated walked out when the rest of the convention reject to accept the demand. In that year election, Abraham Lincoln was elected president by 180 electoral college votes. Immediately after that, convinced, the republic administration would appoint antislavery judges, war officer, postmaster, and other officials; on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede followed by six others.

In February 1861, Alabama, Texas, Florida, Mississippi, Georgia and Louisiana with South Carolina then form a new Confederate government and drafted a new constitution in Montgomery Alabama. In contrast to the secessionists, the upper south states were opposing the secession. As Jefferson and his friends did while crafting the declaration of independence; they tried to define and give reasoning for their own declaration by C. Calhoun and said, "The states were sovereign entities that could leave the union freely as they joined." 1 Jefferson Davis, Surprisingly, who used to be the secretary of war and senator became the president of the confederate. He was called the man of the match. William L. Yancey introduced him as, "The man and the hour met. Prosperity, honor and victory await his administration." In the declaration of the confederates, they mentioned and focused on slavery, sovereignty, and God.

Besides the new President of the confederates, Jefferson looked pretty capable, smarter and more experienced than the Northern president Abraham Lincoln amounting to the boost and confidence of the southern. Nonetheless, It didn't take so much time for southern critics know who Jefferson really was. One of the critics said Jefferson was, "False and Hypocritical,…Miserable, Stupid, One-eyed, dyspeptic, arrogant,…cold, haughty, peevish, narrow-minded, pig-headed, [and] malignant." 2 There were such secede threats in the past and many felt there would be similar compromises done before war broke out. And indeed there were two trials done. The statehood of California, the Missouri problem, moreover some of these confederate states threaten to leave the Union during a congressional debate over slavery. But both times, the compromises were against the beliefs of the Republican party core principles and almost all Republicans were against it. And the president-elect during his address to Congress made plainly and bluntly clear that "Entertain no proposition for a compromise in regard to the extension of slavery. The instant you do, they have us under again; all our labor is gone, lost, and sooner or later must be done over…The tug has to come and better now than later." 3 The next move by the confederates was to seize all the properties of the federal government within their boundaries. These include Arsenals, forts and custom houses. President Lincoln decided to retry the supply with an unarmed ship and made it clear for the southern confederates president that only if South Carolina used force then warships positioned outside of the harbor come in action of defending and delivering supplies through Charleston harbor. This premeditated test put the Confederates in a difficult situation to chose and it became a stage where the war will start or not. Before the supply arrived, Jefferson Davis ordered his general to force the surrender of Fort Sumter and after 32 hours of firing and with no fatality; Fort Sumter surrendered and became part of Confederates. And this became a clear message for Lincoln that the Confederates seceded for the sole purpose of slavery.

The president strongly believed and considered Daniel Webster's sentiments of the union to be permanent and Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable. This became the beginning of the war between the Unions and Confederates. Another four slave states seceded and joined the confederates after Lincoln raised so much army to fight back and restore the seceded states back to the union. The three months planned war didn't end up like that, however, it took more than everybody's expectation. It happened to be the worst wars Americans fought in history; 600,000 people died and took six years. Both sides fought for their own reasons but it didn't go away without huge consequences. sites Cited: www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=90

Radical Rupblicans

Radical republicans were members of the Republican Party who had much more aggressive in their approach to the policies they came up with. They fought tirelessly for an ideal society in which everyone could live exercising his, "…life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness" without any restrictions. Especially the suppressed enslaved black African Americans were center of amendments to the constitution of the United States in abolishing Slavery; that was how the civil war erupted. During and after the civil war, Radicals pressed the legislative branch in favor of African Americas; that a few actually had a chance to exercise power radically while living in oppressing Southern Confederate states; which would take another century to have such a glimpse of a light to shine again. When the war began, they had already set up visions that would last long; a country with no more injustice based on race and ethnicity. After passing the 13^th amendment, African Americans got the freedom to establish their own family, community and churches; Radicals were able to see the harvest of their hard work, though it didn’t last long.

Besides, these radicals passed another critical amendment which granted African Americans another entitlement that was Citizenship. This was the road that would eventually lead all people to be considered equal, at least on Policy. Had they not been Radicals, there would be no such huge accomplishments while serving in public office. Moreover, these radicals favored strong protection for the black civil rights and the continual support and funding of the Freedman’s bureau that supported the freed slaves and also voting rights. These all efforts were meant to enforce and sustain the civil rights act. Furthermore, even when they were at odds with the president and the rest of the legislative body, they opened up ways for blacks to start working on their own farm. They have accomplished the establishment and further funding of the freedmen' bureau, where newly freed black slaves could get assistance to disfranchisement, education and broadly radical reconstruction, forming new governments allowing more room for African Americans and poor white farmers to participate; in order to revive the already crumbled economy, they built railroads.  When the ultimate power house in America seen reluctant to do what they sought was right, they ignored Abraham Lincoln’s, the president’s 10% plan and came up with their own plan that went by, "Wade Davis Bill". This was a stricter and punishing bill against confederates, where 50% of the population take oath and also demanded emancipation. The bill was voted by the President, however. Radical Republicans have tried to reestablish the new south with brighter and peaceful future.

Site Cited: 

America Past and present, Volume 2: since 1865 By Robert A Divine, al